Over the last years, the Russian government has invested in developing increasingly sophisticated cyber tools. At the same time, Russia is now a haven for criminal cyber groups, which at times seem to work in concert with state entities. As Russian aggression against Ukraine escalates, cyber operations are already playing a key role in Moscow’s assault on Ukraine. Preparing for an effective response to Kremlin-backed cyber operations is a critical challenge to transatlantic cohesion as Europe and the United States work to prepare a united stance.